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Ride the Lightning is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 27, 1984, by the independent record label Megaforce Records. The album was recorded in three weeks with producer Flemming Rasmussen at the Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark. The artwork, based on a concept by the band, depicts an electric chair being struck by lightning flowing from the band logo. The title was taken from a passage in Stephen King's novel The Stand. Although rooted in the thrash metal genre, the album showcased the band's musical growth and lyrical sophistication. This was partly because bassist Cliff Burton introduced the basics of music theory to the rest of the band and had more input in the songwriting. Instead of relying strictly on fast tempos as on its debut Kill 'Em All, Metallica broadened its approach by employing acoustic guitars, extended instrumentals, and more complex harmonies. The overall recording costs were paid by Metallica's European label Music for Nations because Megaforce was unable to cover it. It was the last album to feature songwriting contributions from former lead guitarist Dave Mustaine, and the first to feature contributions from his replacement, Kirk Hammett.

Ride the Lightning received positive response from music critics, who saw it as a more ambitious effort than its predecessor. Metallica promoted the album on the Bang That Head That Doesn't Bang European tour in late 1984, and on its North American leg in the first half of 1985. The band performed at major music festivals such as Monsters of Rock and Day on the Green later that year. Two months after its release, Elektra Records signed Metallica to a multi-year deal and reissued the album. Ride the Lightning peaked at number 100 on the Billboard 200 with no radio exposure. Although 75,000 copies were initially pressed for the American market, the album sold half a million by November 1987. It was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2012 for shipping six million copies in the United States. Many rock publications have ranked Ride the Lightning on their best album lists, saying it had a lasting impact on the genre.

Background and recording[edit]

Metallica released their debut album, Kill 'Em All, on the independent label Megaforce Records on July 25, 1983.^[1] The album helped to establish thrash metal, a heavy metal subgenre defined by its brisk riffs and intense percussion.^[2] After finishing its promotional tour, Metallica began composing new material, and from September, began performing the songs that were to make up Ride the Lightning at concerts. Because the band had little money, its members often ate one meal a day and stayed at fans' homes while playing at clubs across the United States.^[3] An incident occurred when part of Metallica's gear was stolen in Boston, and Anthrax lent Metallica some of its equipment to complete the remaining dates. When not gigging, the band stayed in a rented house in El Cerrito, California, called the Metallica Mansion.^[4] Frontman James Hetfield felt uneasy about performing double duty on vocals and rhythm guitar, so the band offered the job to Armored Saint singer John Bush, who turned down the offer because Armored Saint was doing well at the time. Hetfield gradually built confidence as lead vocalist and kept his original role. Metallica started recording on February 20, 1984 at Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark. The album was produced by Flemming Rasmussen, the founder of Sweet Silence Studios. Drummer Lars Ulrich chose Rasmussen, because he liked his work on Rainbow's Difficult to Cure (1981), and was keen to record in Europe.^[5] Rasmussen, who had not heard of Metallica, agreed to work on the album, even though his studio employees questioned the band's talent. Rasmussen listened to Metallica's tapes before the members arrived and thought the band had great potential.^[6] Metallica rehearsed the album's material at Mercyful Fate's practice room in Copenhagen.^[7]

Before entering the studio, Metallica collected ideas on 'riff tape' recordings of various jam sessions. Hetfield and Ulrich went through the tapes and selected the strongest riffs to assemble into songs. Instruments were recorded separately, with Hetfield playing only rhythm guitar.^[8] Rasmussen, with the support of drum roadie Flemming Larsen, taught the basics of timing and beat duration to Ulrich, who had a tendency to increase speed and had little knowledge of rhythm theory.^[4] Drums were recorded in an empty warehouse at the back of the studio, which was not soundproof, and caused reverberation.^[7] Although four tracks were already arranged, the band members were not used to creating songs in the studio, as they had not done so for Kill 'Em All.^[9] 'For Whom the Bell Tolls', 'Trapped Under Ice' and 'Escape' were written from scratch in Copenhagen, and the band put finishing touches on 'Fight Fire with Fire', 'Ride the Lightning', 'Creeping Death', and 'The Call of Ktulu', which were already performed live.^[4] Lead guitarist Kirk Hammett took the album's name from a passage in Stephen King's novel The Stand.^[10] The cover art, displaying an electric chair in the midst of lightning bolts, was conceived before recording began.^[11] Metallica initially had sound problems, because its gear was stolen three weeks before the band arrived in Copenhagen.^[12] The band members slept in the studio by day as they could not afford a hotel and recorded by night, because the studio was booked by other artists during the daytime. Because the group was looking for a major label deal, several A&R representatives from different labels visited the studio. At first, it seemed that Metallica was going to sign with Bronze Records, but the deal fell through, because Bronze executive Gerry Bron did not appreciate the work done at Sweet Silence Studios, and wanted the US edition to be remixed by engineer Eddie Kramer, and even considered re-recording the album in another studio. Metallica was put off by Bron's failure to share the band's artistic vision and decided to look for another label for the US release, in spite of the fact that Bronze had already advertised Metallica as one of their bands.^[6]

Metallica had to record quickly because of European shows scheduled 29 days after it entered the studio. Recording finished on March 14, and Megaforce released the album on July 27.^[13] Although the original album budget was $20,000, the final expense was above $30,000.^[6] Metallica's European label Music for Nations paid the studio costs because Megaforce owner Jon Zazula could not afford them.^[5] Metallica was unhappy with the lack of promotion by Megaforce, and decided to part ways with Zazula. Major label Elektra Records employee Michael Alago noticed Metallica at The Stone gig in San Francisco, and invited Elektra's chairman and the head of promotion to see the August show in New York. The performance at Roseland Ballroom, with Anthrax and Metallica opening for Raven, pleased the Elektra staff, and the band was offered a contract the following morning.^[14] On September 12, Metallica signed with Elektra, who re-released the album on November 19. Cliff Burnstein and Peter Mensch of Q Prime were concurrently appointed as the band's new managers.^[13]Ride the Lightning was the last Metallica album to feature co-writing contributions from former lead guitarist Dave Mustaine, who received credit on the title track and the instrumental 'The Call of Ktulu'. The album also represented the first time Hammett was given writing credits.^[15]

Music and lyrics[edit]

Music writers opine that Ride the Lightning exhibited greater musical maturity, with sonically broader songs than Kill 'Em All, which was noted for its one-dimensional sound. This was partially because of bassist Cliff Burton's knowledge of music theory. He showed Hetfield how to augment core notes with complementary counter-melodies and how basic guitar harmony worked, which reflected on the song compositions.^[16] Hetfield developed more socially aware lyrics, as well as ominous and semi-philosophical references.^[17] Ulrich explained that Metallica opted not to rely strictly on fast tempos as on the previous album, but to explore other musical approaches that sounded powerful and heavy.^[18]Grinder magazine's Kevin Fisher summarized the album as 'ultimate thrash, destruction and total blur' that reminded him of the speed and power of Kill 'Em All.^[19] Music journalist Martin Popoff observed that Ride the Lightning offered 'sophistication and brutality in equal measure' and was seen as something new at the time of its release.^[20] Discussing the album's lyrical content, philosopher William Irwin wrote: 'After Kill 'Em All, the rebellion and aggression became much more focused as the enemy became more clearly defined. Metallica was deeply concerned about various domains in which the common man was wrongfully yet ingeniously deceived. More precisely, they were highly critical of those in power'.^[21]

The major-key acoustic introduction to 'Fight Fire with Fire' displayed Metallica's evolution towards a more harmonically complex style of songwriting. The fastest Metallica song in terms of picking speed, it is driven by nimbly tremolo-picked riffs in the verses and chorus. The extended solo at the end dissolves in a sound effect of a vast nuclear explosion.^[22] The main riff was taped during the Kill 'Em All Tour and the acoustic intro was something Burton was playing on acoustic guitar at the time.^[23] The song discouraged the 'eye for an eye' approach, and its lyrical themes focused on nuclear warfare and Armageddon.^[20] 'Ride the Lightning' was Metallica's first song to emphasize the misery of the criminal justice system. The lyrics were written from the perspective of someone who is anticipating execution by the electric chair. The song, one of the two album tracks that credited Mustaine, begins in a mid-tempo which gradually accelerates as the song progress.^[22] One of the riffs in this song, originally composed by Mustaine, was simplified because Hetfield and Hammett were unable to play it the way Mustaine had written it using more advanced left-hand fingering. It features an instrumental middle section highlighted by Hammett's soloing.^[20] According to Hetfield, the song was not a criticism of capital punishment, but a tale of a man sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit, as in the opening lyrics: 'Guilty as charged/But Damn it/It ain't right'.^[24]

'For Whom the Bell Tolls' begins with a bell tolling, followed by a marching riff and high-register bass melody. The chromatic introduction, which Burton wrote before he joined Metallica, is often mistaken for an electric guitar but is actually Burton's bass guitar augmented with distortion and a wah-wah pedal. The lyrics were inspired by Ernest Hemingway's 1940 novel of the same name, which explores the horror and dishonor of modern warfare.^[25] 'For Whom the Bell Tolls' was released as a promotional single in two versions, an edit on side A and the album version on side B. 'Fade to Black' is a power ballad whose lyrics contemplate suicide. Hetfield wrote the words because he felt powerless after the band's equipment was stolen before the January 1984 show in Boston.^[5] Musically, the song begins with an acoustic guitar introduction overlaid with electric soloing. The song becomes progressively heavier and faster, ending with multi-layered guitar solos.^[26] The ballad's arpeggiated chords and reserved singing was incongruous for thrash metal bands at the time and disappointed some of Metallica's fans. The song's structure foreshadows later Metallica ballads, 'Welcome Home (Sanitarium)', 'One' and 'The Day That Never Comes.^[27] 'Fade to Black' was released as a promotional single in 1984, in glow in the dark green.^[28]

'Trapped Under Ice' is about a person who wakes from a cryonic state. Realizing there is nowhere to go, and no-one will come to the rescue, the person helplessly awaits impending doom. The song is built on a fast-picked galloping riff, reminiscent of the album's opener.^[26] It was inspired by a track Hammett's former band Exodus had demoed called 'Impaler', which was later released on that band's 2004 album Tempo of the Damned.^[29] 'Escape' was originally titled 'The Hammer' and was intended to be released as a single due to its lighter riffs and conventional song structure. The intro features a counterpoint bass melody and a chugging guitar riff that resolves into a standard down-stroked riff.^[30] 'Escape' is Hetfield's most hated Metallica song, due to it being the result of their record company forcing Metallica to write something more radio friendly. Authors Mick Wall and Malcolm Dome felt the song was influenced by the album-oriented rock of 1970s bands such as Journey and Foreigner, but fans perceived it as an attempt for airplay at rock radio.^[6] Metallica performed 'Escape' live only once, at the 2012 Orion Music + More festival, while performing Ride the Lightning in its entirety.^[31]

'Creeping Death' describes the Plague of the Death of the Firstborn (Exodus 12:29). The lyrics deal with the ten plagues visited on Ancient Egypt; four of them are mentioned throughout the song, as well as the Passover.^[30] The title was inspired by a scene from The Ten Commandments while the band was watching the movie at Burton's house.^[23] The bridge, with its chant 'Die, by my hand!', was originally written by Hammett for the song 'Die by His Hand' while he was playing in Exodus, who recorded it as a demo but did not feature it on a studio album. Journalist Joel McIver called the song a 'moshpit anthem' due to its epic lyrical themes and dramatic atmosphere.^[7] 'Creeping Death' was released as a single with a B-side titled Garage Days Revisited made up of covers of Diamond Head's 'Am I Evil?' and Blitzkrieg's 'Blitzkrieg'.^[32] 'The Call of Ktulu', tentatively titled 'When Hell Freezes Over', was inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's book The Shadow over Innsmouth, which was introduced to the rest of the band by Burton.^[33] The title was taken from one of Lovecraft's key stories featuring Cthulhu, The Call of Cthulhu, although the original name was modified to 'Ktulu' for easier pronunciation. The track begins with a D minor chord progression in the intro, written by Mustaine (Mustaine later re-used the chord structure on Megadeth's track 'Hangar 18') followed by a two-minute bass solo over a rhythmic riff pattern.^[33] Conductor Michael Kamen rearranged the piece for Metallica's 1999 S&M project and won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in 2001.^[34]

Reception and legacy[edit]

Ride the Lightning received widespread acclaim from music critics. According to Q magazine, the album confirmed Metallica's status as the leading heavy metal band of the modern era. The magazine credited the group for redefining the norms of thrash metal with 'Fade to Black', the genre's first power ballad.^[41] British rock magazine Kerrang! stated that the album's maturity and musical intelligence helped Metallica expand heavy metal's boundaries.^[41]Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune described Ride the Lightning as a more refined extension of the group's debut.^[36] In a retrospective review, Sputnikmusic's Channing Freeman named it as one of the few albums that can be charming and powerful at the same time. He praised Hetfield's vocal performance and concluded that Metallica was 'firing on all cylinders'.^[44]AllMusic's Steve Huey saw the album as a more ambitious and remarkable effort than Kill 'Em All. He called Ride the Lightning an 'all-time metal classic' because of the band's rich musical imagination and lyrics that avoided heavy metal cliches.^[35]The Rolling Stone Album Guide viewed the album as a great step forward for the band and as an album that established the concept for Metallica's following two records.^[43]Colin Larkin, writing in the Encyclopedia of Popular Music, singled out 'For Whom the Bell Tolls' as an example of Metallica's growing music potential.^[38] Popoff regards Ride the Lightning as an album where 'extreme metal became art'.^[45] 'This literally was the first album since (Judas Priest's 1976) Sad Wings of Destiny where the rulebook has changed. This was a new kind of heaviness; the soft, billowy but explosive production was amazing, the speed was superhuman', stated Popoff.^[7] Reviewing the 2016 reissue, Jason Anderson of Uncut considers Ride the Lightning the second best Metallica album which set the pace for metal in the years to come.^[46]

Megaforce initially pressed 75,000 copies of the album for the US market, while Music for Nations took care of the European market.^[47] By the autumn of 1984, Ride the Lightning had moved 85,000 copies in Europe, resulting in Metallica's first cover story for Kerrang! in its December issue.^[48] After signing Metallica, Elektra released the single 'Creeping Death' in a sleeve depicting a bridge and a skull painted grey and green. The album peaked at number 100 on the Billboard 200 with no radio exposure.^[7] In 1984, the French record label Bernett Records misprinted the color of the album cover in green, rather than blue, and 400 copies with the green cover were produced. Because of their rarity, these green albums have become collectors' items.^[49]Ride the Lightning went gold by November 1987 and in 2012 was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping six million copies in the US.^[50] The album, along with Kill 'Em All, was reissued in 2016 as a boxed set including demos and live recordings.^[51] Many rock publications have ranked Ride the Lightning on their best album lists. The album placed fifth on IGN Music's 'Top 25 Metal Albums' list.^[52]Spin listed it as a thrash metal essential, declaring it 'the thrashiest thrash ever'.^[53] According to Guitar World, Ride the Lightning 'didn't just change the band's trajectory—it reset the course of metal itself'.^[29] Corey Deiterman of the Houston Press considers Ride the Lightning the most influential Metallica album, saying it had a lasting impact on genres such as crossover thrash and hardcore punk.^[54] In 2017, it was ranked 11th on Rolling Stone's list of '100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time'.^[55]

Touring[edit]

After recording was completed, Music for Nations founder Martin Hooker wanted to arrange a triple bill UK tour in March / April 1984 with Exciter, Metallica, and The Rods. The Hell on Earth Tour never materialized because of poor ticket sales.^[7] To promote Ride the Lightning, Metallica commenced the Bang That Head That Doesn't Bang European tour on November 16, in Rouen, France, with British NWOBHM band Tank as support. The tour continued with dates in Belgium, Italy, Germany, and the Nordic countries to an average crowd of 1,300. After a Christmas break, the group embarked on a 50-date North American tour, firstly as a co-headlining act with W.A.S.P. and then as headliners with Armored Saint supporting.^[56] At a gig in Portland, Oregon, Metallica covered 'The Money Will Roll Right In' by Fang, with Armored Saint onstage. The American leg ended in May 1985, and the band spent the following two months working on the next studio album, Master of Puppets, whose recording sessions were scheduled to begin in September. Metallica performed at the Monsters of Rock festival held at Castle Donington in England on August 17 in front of 70,000 fans. The band was placed between Ratt and Bon Jovi, two glam metal groups whose sound and appearance were much unlike Metallica's. At the start of the set, Hetfield pronounced to the audience: 'If you came here to see spandex, eye make-up, and the words 'oh baby' in every fuckin' song, this ain't the fuckin' band!' Two weeks later, Metallica appeared on the Day on the Green festival in Oakland, California, before 90,000 people. The last show Metallica played before recording began was the Loreley Metal Hammer festival in Germany, headlined by Venom.^[7] Metallica finished 1985 with a show at the Sacramento Memorial Auditorium on December 29 opening for Y&T, and a New Year's Eve concert at the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco on a bill with Metal Church, Exodus, and Megadeth, the first time Metallica and Megadeth shared a stage. At this gig, Metallica premiered 'Master of Puppets' and 'Disposable Heroes', songs from the then-upcoming third studio album.^[57]

Track listing[edit]

All lyrics written by James Hetfield (Kirk Hammett also contributed to lyrics for 'Creeping Death'). The bonus tracks on the digital re-release were recorded live at the Seattle Coliseum, Seattle, Washington on August 29 and 30, 1989, and later appeared on the live album Live Shit: Binge & Purge (1993).

Personnel[edit]

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.^[15][59][60]

Metallica

• James Hetfield – vocals, rhythm guitar, production
• Kirk Hammett – lead guitar, backing vocals, production
• Cliff Burton – bass, backing vocals, production
• Jason Newsted – bass, backing vocals on digital re-release bonus tracks
• Lars Ulrich – drums, percussion, backing vocals on 'Ride the Lightning', production

Production

• Flemming Rasmussen – production, engineering
• Mark Whitaker – production assistant, concert sound engineer, live production manager
• Tom Coyne, Frankford Wayne – mastering on Megaforce release
• Tim Young – mastering on Music for Nations release
• Bob Ludwig – mastering on Elektra release
• George Marino – remastering on 1995 reissue
• Mike Gillies – mixing of digital reissue bonus tracks

Master Of Puppets Album

Packaging

• AD Artists – cover design
• Fin Costello, Robert Hoetink, Pete Cronin, Rick Brackett, Harold Oimoen – photography
• Anthony D. Sommella – tour/live photography
• Crazed Management – management
• Marsha Vlasic, Neil Warnock – booking agents for The Agency Group
• Q-Prime Inc. – management (on Elektra reissue)
• Michael Alago – A&R coordinator (Elektra Records)
• Peter Paterno – legal representation (Elektra Records)

Charts[edit]

Certifications[edit]

References[edit]

Ride The Lightning Album Download Zip

1. ^Gulla 2009, p. 101.
2. ^Dome & Wall 2011, Chapter 1: Kill 'Em All.
3. ^Gulla 2009, p. 102.
4. ^ ^abcWiederhorn, Jon (July 27, 2016). '32 Years Ago: Metallica Release 'Ride the Lightning''. Loudwire. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
5. ^ ^abcdefWinwood & Brannigan 2013, Chapter 5: Fight Fire with Fire.
6. ^ ^abcdeDome & Wall 2011, Chapter 2: Ride the Lightning.
7. ^ ^abcdefgMcIver 2014, Chapter 11: 1984–1985.
8. ^Prown & Newquist 1997, p. 225.
9. ^Popoff 2013, p. 41.
10. ^Grow, Kory (July 28, 2014). 'Fighting Fire With Fire: Metallica Look Back on 'Ride the Lightning''. Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
11. ^Popoff 2013, p. 40.
12. ^Popoff 2013, p. 42.
13. ^ ^abGulla 2009, p. 103.
14. ^Popoff 2013, p. 52.
15. ^ ^abRide the Lightning (CD liner notes). Metallica. Megaforce Records. 1984.CS1 maint: others (link)
16. ^McIver 2009, p. 109.
17. ^McIver 2009, p. 117.
18. ^Popoff 2013, p. 45.
19. ^Popoff 2013, p. 46.
20. ^ ^abcPopoff 2013, p. 47.
21. ^Irwin 2009, pp. 49, 50.
22. ^ ^abMcIver 2009, p. 118.
23. ^ ^abEverley, Dave (May 19, 2016). 'Metallica: How We Made Ride The Lightning'. Metal Hammer. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
24. ^Irwin 2009, p. 129.
25. ^McIver 2009, p. 119.
26. ^ ^abMcIver 2009, p. 120.
27. ^Pillsbury 2013, p. 34.
28. ^Popoff 2013, p. 184.
29. ^ ^abAngle, Brad (August 2014). 'High Voltage'. Guitar World: 54. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
30. ^ ^abMcIver 2009, p. 121.
31. ^'Metallica Performs 'Escape' Live For First Time Ever; Pro-Shot Footage Available'. Blabbermouth.net. June 24, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
32. ^'Creeping Death'. Metallica.com. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
33. ^ ^abMcIver 2009, p. 122.
34. ^'Past Winners Search – Metallica'. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
35. ^ ^abHuey, Steve. 'Ride the Lightning – Metallica'. AllMusic. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
36. ^ ^abKot, Greg (December 1, 1991). 'A Guide to Metallica's Recordings'. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
37. ^Popoff 2005, pp. 222–223.
38. ^ ^abLarkin 2006, p. 725.
39. ^Mongredien, Phil (April 17, 2016). 'Metallica: Kill 'Em All; Ride the Lightning review – metal giants' early years revisited'. The Guardian. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
40. ^Reyes-Kulkarni, Saby (April 13, 2016). 'Metallica – Ride the Lightning'. Pitchfork Media. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
41. ^ ^abc'Metallica – Ride the Lightning CD Album Japan'. CD Universe. Muze. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
42. ^Kühnemund, Götz. 'Metallica – Ride the Lightning'. Rock Hard (in German). Retrieved August 11, 2016.
43. ^ ^abKemp 2004, p. 538.
44. ^ ^abFreeman, Channing (September 23, 2011). 'Ride The Lightning – Metallica'. Sputnikmusic. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
45. ^Popoff 2004, p. 12.
46. ^Anderson, Jason (May 26, 2016). 'Metallica – Kill Em All/Ride The Lightning'. Uncut. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
47. ^Popoff 2013, p. 50.
48. ^Winwood & Brannigan 2013, Chapter 6: Creeping Death.
49. ^'Metallica – Ride The Lightning'. Discogs. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
50. ^Popoff 2013, p. 55.
51. ^Grow, Kory (February 17, 2016). 'Metallica Detail Deluxe 'Kill 'Em All,' 'Ride the Lightning' Reissues'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
52. ^Spence D. and Ed T. (July 7, 2010). 'IGN: Music – Top 25 Metal Albums'. IGN. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
53. ^Gross, Joe (July 2007). 'Thrash Metal Essentials'. Spin: 104. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
54. ^Deiterman, Corey (August 26, 2014). 'Why Ride The Lightning Is Metallica's Most Influential Album'. Houston Press. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
55. ^Beaujour, Tom (June 21, 2017). '100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time'. Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
56. ^Brannigan, Paul (February 4, 2015). 'Metallica: Garage Daze'. Metal Hammer (267): 40–41.
57. ^McIver 2014, Chapter 13: 1986.
58. ^Kaufman, Gil (July 26, 2006). 'Metallica Put Catalog On iTunes — Quietly'. MTV. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
59. ^Ride the Lightning (LP liner notes). Metallica. Music for Nations. 1984.CS1 maint: others (link)
60. ^'Ride The Lightning'. Metallica.com. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
61. ^ ^abcdefghi'Metallica – Ride the Lightning' (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
62. ^'Metallica UK Chart History'. Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
63. ^'Metallica – Chart history'. Billboard. Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
64. ^'ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2008 Albums'. Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
65. ^'Canadian album certifications – Metallica – Ride the Lightning'. Music Canada. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
66. ^'Danish album certifications – Metallica – Ride the Lightning'. IFPI Denmark. Retrieved September 27, 2017. Scroll through the page-list below until year 2017 to obtain certification.
67. ^'Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Metallica; 'Ride the Lightning')' (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
68. ^'British album certifications – Metallica – Ride the Lightning'. British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved March 28, 2014.Select albums in the Format field.Select Gold in the Certification field.Type Ride the Lightning in the 'Search BPI Awards' field and then press Enter.
69. ^'American album certifications – Metallica – Ride the Lightning'. Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved March 28, 2014.If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH.

Bibliography[edit]

Metallica Ride The Lightning Full Album Free Download

• Dome, Malcolm; Wall, Mick (2013). Metallica: The Music and the Mayhem. Omnibus Press. ISBN978-0-85712-721-1.
• Gulla, Bob (2013). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players who Made Rock History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-0-313-35806-7.
• Irwin, William (2009). Metallica and Philosophy: A Crash Course in Brain Surgery. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-1-4051-6348-4.
• Kemp, Rob (2004). 'Metallica'. In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian David (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. ISBN0-7432-0169-8.
• Larkin, Colin, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Popular Music. 5 (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-531373-9.
• McIver, Joel (2009). To Live Is To Die: The Life and Death of Metallica's Cliff Burton. Omnibus Press. ISBN978-1-906002-24-4.
• McIver, Joel (2014). Justice For All — The Truth About Metallica. Omnibus Press. ISBN978-1-78323-123-2.
• Pillsbury, Glenn (2013). Damage Incorporated: Metallica and the Production of Musical Identity. Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-97374-8.
• Popoff, Martin (2004). The Top 500 Heavy Metal Albums of All Time. ECW Press. ISBN978-1-55022-600-3.
• Popoff, Martin (2005). The Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal: The Eighties. 2. Collector's Guide Publishing. ISBN978-1-894959-31-5.
• Popoff, Martin (2013). Metallica: The Complete Illustrated History. Voyageur Press. ISBN978-0-7603-4482-8.
• Prown, Pete; Newquist, Harvey P. (1997). Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN0-7935-4042-9.
• Winwood, Ian; Brannigan, Paul (2013). Birth School Metallica Death. 1. Faber & Faber. ISBN978-0-571-29416-9.

External links[edit]

• Ride the Lightning at Discogs (list of releases)